Construction and Performance

Jean Kilbourne, “The More You Subtract, the More You Add: Cutting Girls Down to Size”
Diana Crane, “Gender and Hegemony in Fashion Magazines: Women’s Interpretations of Fashion"
Deborah D. Rogers, “Daze of Our Lives: The Soap Opera as Feminine Text”
Gloria Steinem, “Sex, Lies and Advertising”

Daphne A. Brooks, "Suga Mama, Politicized (on Beyoncé)"
Susan McClary, "Living to Tell: Madonna's Resurrection of the Fleshly"

Cultural Identity & The Interpretation of the World

The Tower of Babel

Samovar, "Culture and the Individual: Cultural Identity"

Samovar, "Shaping Interpretations of Reality: Cultural Values"

from Samovar et al, Communication Between Cultures, 7th Ed: Chapters 4&5

Stuart Hall, "Encoding/Decoding"

Text and Context: Political Economy & Reception

Janice Radway, "Women Read The Romance: The Interaction of Text and Context"

Jan Nederveen Pitersem, "White Negroes"
David Croteau & William Hoynes, "The New Media Giants: Changing Industry Structure"
Sut Jhally, "Image-Based Culture: Advertising and Popular Culture"

EXTRA READING: Stuart Hall, "Encoding-Decoding"

Textuality: Semiotics

To complement the other readings, here are three different discussions of 'semiotics' and semiotic analysis and their use for cultural studies and the analysis of media representations. These are not required readings if you have encountered 'media semiotics' before. I would however suggest, to those of you who are encountering 'semiotics' for the first time, to treat these readings as required readings: your work in class, your ability to grapple with the other required readings and your final project would certainly benefit from a familiarity with the concepts presented here.

Mieke Bal, Semiotics for Beginners
Scott McCloud, from Understading Comics: Chapter 2, Semiotics
Jonathan Bignell, Media Semiotics: Introduction + The Cinema

'New' Media: Impact of Digital Technology on Film and Television

These are the readings for the first weeks of class and discussion. Remember that we are still in the process of investigating the concept of 'new' media and trying to go beyond a mere chronology of now technologies in favor of a more nuanced and specific understanding of the truly 'new' aspects of digital converged media and the social potential/consequences from a politically progressive perspective --the 'what's new for society' question.

The articles here will introduce you to some of the more practical transformations that the appearance of digital technologies have produced in 'old' media like film and television. Please note that as we discussed in class, even in this case, the transformations are both smaller and larger than those one could imagine: on the one hand, the film and televisual experience is for the most part unchanged; on the other, however, the film medium and the specificity of the photo/cinematographic image has been dramatically transformed as it loses its indexicality and the medium goes from a synthetic to an analytic one while television's horizon ceases to be that of a regulated/national context to an open/transnational one.

David Croteau & William Hoynes, "The New Media Giants: Changing Industry Structure"

Sean Cubitt, "Digital Filming and Special Effects"
P. David Marshall, "Rejuvenation: Film in the Digital World"
Anne Friedberg, "CD and DVD"
Janet Wasko, "The Future of Film Distribution and Exhibition"

Michele Hilmes, "Cable, Satellite and Digital Technologies"
P. David Marshall, "Rejuvenation: Television"

Culture & Communication

Introduction: Culture and Communication

Communication and Culture: The Challenge of the Future

Chapter 1 from Samovar et al, Communication Between Cultures
The Deep Structure of Culture: The Roots of Reality

Chapter 2 from Samovar et al, Communication Between Cultures

Extra Article:

James Carey, "A Cultural Approach to Communication"

The two paradigms essay.

What English sounds like to non-English speakers: Prisencolinensinainciusol. Alright.

Cultural Studies and Representation: Race and Gender I

Power, Privilege and Discrimination

Peggy McIntosh, "White Privilege: Unpacking the Invisible Knapsack"

Cultural Studies & Representation
Douglas Kellner, "Cultural Studies, Multiculturalism and Media Culture"
Sanjukta Gosh, "'Con-Fusing' Exotica: Producing India in US Advertising"

Ideology and Hegemony

Stuart Hall, "The Whites of Their Eyes: Racing Ideologies and the Media"
James Lull, "Hegemony"

all readings are from Dines and Humez (eds), Gender, Race and Class in Media: A Text-Reader; 2nd Edition(Sage, 2003)

Welcome to Fall 2010

Eastern European Mass Media

Articles on the passage from the state/party controlled monopolies of Eastern European nations to the commodified systems post-1989. Everyone should read these articles as background for preparing their presentations.

Kevin Williams - "The Media in Eastern Europe"

from European Media Studies
Splichal, "From State Control to Commodification: Media Democratisation in East and Central Europe"
Sparks & Reading, "Re-regulating Television After Communism: A Comparative Analysis of Poland, Hungary and the Czech Republic"

European Mass Media: Deregulation, Commodification and Neo-Television

Here are two articles to think through some of the more specific issues on the paradigm shift in European Broadcasting during the 1980s and 1990s and the shift toward deregulation and privatization. The articles by Umberto Eco and Raymond Williams are two theoretical and critical reflections on the aesthetic repercussions of liberalization on both programs and audiences. Relate these readings to Nichetti's The Icicle Thief (Ladri di Saponette).

Humphreys, "The 'New Media' and Broadcasting Deregulation in Western Europe"

Williams, "Public Service and the Deregulation of European Broadcasting"

Umberto Eco, "A Guide to the Neo-Television of the 1980s"

Raymond Williams, "Programming: Distribution and Flow"

from Television: Technology and Cultural Form

National Cinemas, Art Films, American Friends and Cultural Imperialism or, What's Wrong With A Cowboy in Hamburg?

What's wrong with a cowboy in Hamburg?
"The Americans have colonized our subconscious" (Wenders in "Kings of the Road")

Readings for this week's discussion on the concept of National Cinema, the Art Film and Wim Wenders' Der Amerikanische Freund (1977)

Bordwell, "The Art Cinema as a Mode of Film Practice" from Poetics of Cinema
Elsaesser, "American Friends: Hollywood Echoes in the New German Cinema"
Jarvie, "Free Trade as Cultural Threat: American Film and TV Exports in the Post-War Period"

Here is a mainstream review of the film from everyone's favorite middle-brow film critic, Roger Ebert.

'Free' or 'Pirate' Media?

Below is Hans Magnus Enzensberger's "Constituents of a Theory of the Media" where he discusses the concepts of 'emancipatory vs. repressive uses' of the media while offering a radical critique of traditional progressive conception of public/state media in favor of the 'new media' potentials of 'free' media. Hesmondalgh's article is a general reflection on the concept of alternative media, it's organization and the specific textual production.

Roger Chapman's article is a comparative analysis of the two main British 'pirate' radio stations, Radio London and Radio Caroline and how they differentiated themselves on the basis of their attitude to commercialism and their mission.

Finally John Downing writes on 'radical media' in Italy covering a number of activist situations and their use of new communication technologies by political movements during the late '60s and early '70s. This last article will be the clearest contextualization of Marco Tullio Giordana's I Cento Passi.

Something to think about in relation to I Cento Passi is how Peppino Impastato's attempts at carving out a space for communication and direct political action (a public sphere within the confines of a small community dominated by organized crime and their ties to the political realm) is dramatized in the film --from traditional political rallies to 'free radio' after navigating dadaist street theater, pamphleteering, film screenings and be-ins. Think specifically of the characteristics of RadioAut --programming, control, voice, 'mission', etc.

Hesmondalgh, "Alternative Media, Alternative Texts?"
Enzensberger, "Constituents of a Theory of the Media"
Chapman, "The 1960s Pirates: A Comparative Analysis of Radio Caroline and Radio London"

Downing, "Radical Media in Italy" from Radical Media

The Making of a Media Empire

"The Making of a Television Empire"
from Paul Ginsborg's Silvio Berlusconi: Television, Power, Patrimony


Also, from today's New York Times an article on the economic woes of leading French daily newspaper Le Monde. Please read the article for a good example of a major newspaper operating in a commercial context but organized according to very specific principles to safeguard values and principles that are not necessarily economic.

Le Monde Seeks a Financial Savior from the NYT June 2, 2010

+n.b. Apologies for the cancellation today. We will screen I Cento Passi on Monday so those who already have seen the film should definitely be in class tomorrow.

Public Service Broadcasting Systems

These are your reading for the first part of this week. Please concentrate your efforts on the concept of PSB (public service broadcasting), it's features, criteria and justifications.

from Humphreys, Mass Media and Media Policy in Western Europe
Chapter 3: Press Concentration in Western Europe
Chapter 4: European Public-Service Broadcasting System

Richard Collins, "'Ises' and 'Oughts': Public Service Broadcasting in Europe"
from Allen & Hill (eds), The Television Studies Reader (Routledge, 2004)



Around the issue of media regulation there is a big debate going on (mostly under the radar) concerning the concept of 'net neutrality' and the possibility of imposing specific rules on the internet and according to what aims and goals. Listen to this interview from NPR's Fresh Air program: Terri Gross interviews journalist Amy Schatz, who covers tech policy and the FCC for The Wall Street Journal. Schatz explains the conflicts between the FCC, Internet companies and telecommunications providers like Comcast and Verizon — and how their battle might determine what the future of the Internet will looks. This is a good place to think of how the decisions taken when organizing European broadcasting systems also determined the shape and look of what is in place today.

Link to audio podcast here. On this same page you can find, in a sidebar, links to a number of articles by Schatz covering the issue for the WSJ.
Link to interview transcript here.

European Society, Culture and Media

from Humphreys, Mass Media and Media Policy in Western Europe
Intro + Chapter 1: Press Freedom: The Free Market and the Development of the Modern Press
Chapter 2: Press Freedom and its Limits: The State, the Law and the Private Individual

from Williams, European Media Studies
Chapter 1: The European Media Landscape
Chapter 2: The Press in Europe